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Moschus chrysogaster (sifanicus) viral hemorrhagic disease (McVHD) is an acute and highly lethal infectious disease caused by Moschus chrysogaster hemorrhagic disease virus (McHDV) whose genome sequence is highly homologous with rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus. To screen the protective antigen of McHDV and set the basis for study of McVHD vaccine, the antigen epitope of major structural protein VP60 of McHDV was analyzed, and the specific primers were designed to obtain three amplified DNA sequences encoding the main antigen epitope of VP60 from McHDV by using RT-PCR. Then the three DNA fragments were sequenced and cloned to prokaryotic expression vector with pET-28a(+) by using overlap extension PCR, and finally the prokaryotic expression plasmid pET-truncated-VP60 was constructed. Subsequently, the pET-truncated-VP60 was transformed into Escherichia coli BL21(DE3), and the recombinant proteins were expressed by IPTG induction. Finally, the expressed protein was purified and applied to immunize that without immunizing with RHD vaccine, then the antiserum titers were evaluated by the hemagglutination inhibition test, and the immune-protective efficacy of the recombinant proteins was observed and analyzed through animal challenge test. The results showed that the multi-epitope DNA fragments of VP60 of McHDV was successfully expressed in the form of inclusion bodies in E. coli, and the relative molecular weight of recombinant proteins is about 45 kDa. After immunized with the recombinant proteins, 100% of New Zealand white rabbits were resistant to attack of McHDV, which indicates efficient immune-protective efficacy of chosen epitope recombinant protein. The study laid a foundation for the development of the new subunit vaccines of McVHD.
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Objective To analyze the current status of bacterial spectrum and drug resistance in community-acquired biliary tract infection to provide a basis for clinical medication .Methods The patients with community-acquired biliary tract infection (ex-periment group) and the patients with biliary tract diseases without biliary tract infection (control group) derived from the native ar-ea treated in this hospital from September 2014 to January 2016 were selected .The bile juice was intraoperatively extracted for con-ducting the bacterial culture and drug susceptibility test .Results Thirteen specieses (60 strains) of bacteria were isolated in the ex-periment group .The top 3 specieses were Escherichia coli (35 .0% ) ,Klebsiella pneumonia (21 .7% ) and Enterobacter cloacae (10 .0% ) .Eight specieses (13 strains) of bacteria were isolated in the control group .The top 3 specieses were Escherichia coli (30 .8% ) ,Klebsiella pneumonia(15 .4% ) and Lactococcus garvieae (15 .4% ) .The proportions of drug resistant strains in the two groups were 95 .0% and 84 .6% respectively (P>0 .05) .The proportions of multiple drug resistant strains in the two groups were 30 .0% and 7 .7% respectively(P>0 .05) .The occurrence rates of multiple drug resistance in the top 3 specieses of bacteria in the experiment group were 61 .9% ,7 .7% and 16 .7% respectively .Conclusion The bacterial spectra of community-acquired acute bili-ary tract infection in the native area are dominated by Gram negative bacteria .The total bacterial drug resistance is serious ,but the drug resistance situation in different bacteria pathogens is different .
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BACKGROUND: Chitosan wound dressing has been extensively used in the treatment of wounds and burns, not only because of its bacteriastasis, hemostasis and promoting the wound healing, but also its good biocompatibility,biodegradability and biological functions.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of chitosan wound dressing for deep second-degree burn, thereby providing clinical basis for its registration.METHODS: Sixty patients with deep second-degree burn were randomly allotted to two groups, and then subjected to the external application of chitosan wound dressing (experimental group) or chitosan biomedical dressing (control group),respectively. Then, the therapeutic efficacy was evaluated through healing time, recovering rate and pain scores, and the safety was evaluated through the incidence of adverse reactions and laboratory indexes before and after treatment.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There were no significant differences in the wound healing time [(21.23±6.84) days vs.(23.77±4.26) days], recovery rate and pain scores between the experimental and control groups at 14, 21 and 28 days after treatment (P > 0.05). The blood routine, liver function and kidney function indexes before and after treatment did not differ significantly between groups. Additionally, neither adverse nor severe adverse events occurred in the two groups.These results indicate that the therapeutic efficacy and safety of the chitosan wound dressing are equivalent to the control product in the treatment of deep second-degree burn.
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Objective To investigate the current ~atus of mercury thermometer applied in China and the replacement of it by electric thermometer.Methods A systematic review of the literatures was undertaken,and the mercury pollution caused by mercury thermometer was reviewed,the measures taken by various countries to reduce the use of mercury thermometer were introduced.The difficulty in promoting electric thermometer in China was analyzed,and some measures were proposed accordingly.Results Most of the population including medical staffs had few awareness of the hazard of mercury thermometer to the environment,while the promotion of electric thermometer was obstructed due to the deficiencies in propaganda andpolicies.Conclusion It's suggested emphases be placed on propaganda and measures to replace mercury thermometer by electric one to decrease mercury pollution.
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OBJECTIVE:To observe the effects of RAD51 gene polymorphism on cancer prognosis and its relationship with therapeutic efficacy of cisplatin chemotherapy in patients with cervical cancer. METHODS:193 cervical cancer patients were selected and genotyped by TaqmanTM genotyping method. Therapeutic efficacy and survival period were observed in cisplatin chemotherapy combined with radiotherapy. RESULTS:The mean survival rate and therapeutic efficacy was significantly correlated with RAD51 genotype. The patients carrying the T gene had better response to drugs,compared to patients with type GG (P<0.05),and the average survival rate significantly increased(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Genetic variation in RAD51 have obvious influence on the prognosis of cervical cancer chemotherapy. Therefore,RAD51 G172T genotypes give effective prognosis information about cervical cancer patients who received cisplatin chemotherapy.
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Objective:To investigate the effects of HLA-B?1502 genetic polymorphism on cyclosporine( CsA)-induced liver injury in Chinese renal transplant recipients. Methods:HLA-B?1502 genotypes were determined by polymerase amplification chaln reaction of sequence-specific primers( PCR-SSP) in a total of 339 renal transplant recipients receiving CsA. All the subjects were divided into the CsA-induced liver injury group, non-CsA-induced liver injury group and the control group according to the liver injury occurrence. Results:In the 339 renal transplant recipients, the frequency of HLA-B?1502 mutation allele was 22. 64%. The distribution frequen-cy of HLA-B?1502 mutation allele had no significant difference among the three groups. There were no significant differences in the clinical characteristics of HLA-B?1502 genotypes among three groups(P>0. 05). Conclusion: No association is observed between HLA-B?1502 genetic polymorphism and cyclosporine-induced liver injury in Chinese renal transplant recipients.
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Objective To understand the main pathogenic bacteria distribution and drug susceptibility in the common bile duct calculi with infection ,so as to provide the basis for rational use of antimicrobial agents .Methods Data′s of 296 cases of bile specimens treated from January 2011 to December 2013 were retrospectively surveyed and drug resistance of bacteria culture results were analyzed .Results Among all the 296 cases ,there were 199 cases of pathogenic bacteria in bile specimens ,the positive rate was 67 .23% ;among them ,there were 21 cases of two kinds of bacteria ,a total of 220 strains of pathogenic bacteria were detected ,and among them there were 158 strains of gram negative bacteria ,accounting for 71 .82% ;there were 46 strains of gram positive bacte‐ria ,accounting for 20 .91% ;there were 16 strains of fungi ,accounting for 7 .27% ;the lowest resistance of gram negative bacilli lies in amikacin ,followed by tazobactam ,aztreonam ,three to four generations of cephalosporins and quinolone .Gram negative bacilli has the highest drug resistance to pseudomonas aeruginosa and e .coli ,and it has a drug resistant rate higher than 50 .00% to most anti‐microbial drugs .Gram positive cocci has 0 drug resistance rate to add ring element ,has a drug resistance rate lower than 30 .00% to vancomycin and rina thiazole amine ,and has highest drug resistance rate (70 .00% -100 .00% ) to erythromycin ,clindamycin and chlorine lincomycin .Conclusion Among all the 296 cases of common bile duct calculi bile with biliary tract infection ,the main path‐ogenic bacteria were e .coli ,klebsiella pneumoniae ,eosinophilic malt narrow and excrement enterococcus bacterium ;and the drug re‐sistance to penicillin is highest .
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Objective To observe the effect of somatostatin on liver function in patients after splenectomy combined with de-vascularization.Methods The clinical data of 48 patients with liver cirrhosis,portal hypertension and esophageal varices were retro-spectively analyzed,26 cases (somatostatin group)were used somatostatin after splenectomy combined with devascularization,and the other 22 cases (control group)were not used.The changes of serum albumin (Alb),alanine aminotransferase (ALT),aspartate transaminase (AST),prothrombin activity (PTA)and total bilirubin (TBIL)was observed.Results All patients recovered well af-ter surgery,and no deaths occurred.However,ALT,AST and TBIL of using somatostatin group were significantly reduced than those of control group(P <0.05),Alb and PTA were also improved significantly (P <0.05).Conclusion The combination of som-atostatin can not only reduce postoperative portal pressure,control of bleeding,but also to be significantly promote recovery of liver function.
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Objective To liver surgical site infection related influencing factors were discussed.Methods Retrospective analysis the clinical data of A total of 1 187 patients with liver and gallbladder surgery,using SPSS12.0 software for statistical analysis of data.Results A total of 1 187 cases of liver and gallbladder surgery patients and 63 cases of surgical site infection occurred,the in-fection rate of 5.31%,including incision shallow tissue 51 cases,8 incision deep tissue,organ lacuna in 4 cases,accounted for 80.95%,12.70% and 6.35% respectively.Isolated pathogenic bacteria distribution and composition ratios were as follow,15 strains of gram-negative bacteria(55.56%),12 gram positive bacteria strains(44.44%),including gram-negative bacteria in e.coli, gram-positive bacterium with staphylococcus aureus detection most(25.93% and 14.81% respectively),not isolated fungus;Age, presence of diabetes mellitus,drainage time,postoperative complications,operation time and open operation for independent risk fac-tors for surgical site infection (P <0.05).Conclusion Liver and gallbladder surgery in patients with surgical site infection is asso-ciated with a variety of factors,should strengthen the preoperative patients with postoperative condition evaluation,improve the lev-el of operation at the same time,thereby reducing surgical site infection.
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Objective To compare the operation situation of pancreatico duodenectomy (PD) and pylorus‐preserving pancreatico duodenectomy (PPPD) ,and analyze the clinical efficacy of PPPD .Methods Data of 47 patients with periampullary carcinoma and pancreatic head carcinoma underwent pancreatico duodenectomy from January 2010 to December 2013 were retrospectively analyzed and divided into PPPD group (20 cases) and PD group (27 cases) according to different surgery method .Then compare the situa‐tion of intra‐operative and post‐operative situation in two groups of patients .Results The operation time of PPPD group was sig‐nificantly lower than that of PD group (P0 .05) .Conclusion PPPD operation could shorten the operation time ,promote post‐operative recovery ,lower complication rates and shorten hospitalization time ,and could al‐so help to improve the nutritional status of patients ,improve the postoperative quality of life of patients ,thus it should be further promoted .
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Objective To study the washing methods for the piping instruments of laparoscope and prevention form biological membrane .Methods 300 pieces of the piping instruments of laparoscope select from the center of sterilization supply were random classified into 3 groups(100 pieces in each group) according to washing methods :washing by hand(group A) ,full-automation wash-ing machine(group B) and Tri-band pressurized ultrasonic washing machine(group C) .Comparing the cleanliness and ATP detec-tion fluorescence value on different methods .Results Cleanliness of group A was 85% ,ATP fluorescence detection rate was 27% ;Cleanliness of group B was 82% ,ATP fluorescence detection positive rate was 31% ;Cleanliness of group C was 99% ,ATP fluores-cence detection positive rate was 5% .The test data of group C was significantly compare with the data of group A and B . Conclusion The washing method of using tri-band pressurized ultrasonic washing machine can effectively improve laparoscopic tube cavity equipment cleaning effect and prevent form biological membrane .
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BACKGROUND:Previous studies have found that the susceptibility genes of adiponectin gene and calpain 10 gene of type 2 diabetes are closely related with the incidence of diabetes in Chinese renal transplantation patients. So, are other susceptibility genes of type 2 diabetes also associated with posttransplantation diabetes mel itus? OBJECTIVE:To investigate the association between the zinc transporter solute carrier family 30 member 8 (SLC30A8) gene polymorphism and the posttransplantation diabetes mel itus. METHODS:A total of 97 patients with posttransplantation diabetes mel itus and 301 patents without posttransplantation diabetes mel itus (control group) were selected, and then the SLC30A8 gene rs13266634 genotype was detected with real-time PCR method. The association between gene polymorphism and posttransplantation diabetes mel itus was analyzed with Logistic regression test. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:There were significant differences in al ele frequencies and genotype distributions of rs13266634 between the patients with and without posttransplantation diabetes mel itus (P<0.05). After adjustments of age, sex, body weight and body mass index, the incidence of posttransplantation diabetes mel itus of the CC genotype patients was 2.108 times to that of the TT genotype patients (odds ratio=2.108, 95%confidence interval:1.075-4.131, P=0.044);and the incidence of posttransplantation diabetes mel itus of the CC+CT genotype patients was 1.862 times to that of the TT genotype patients (odds ratio=1.862, 95%confidence interval:1.049-3.306, P=0.034). The results suggest that the C-al ele in rs13266634 of SLC30A8 gene is the independent risk factor of posttransplantation diabetes mel itus.
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Objective To investigate the antibiotic resistance of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs)-producing bacteria,and the risk factors for patients with hospital-acquired lower respiratory tract infections caused by these bacteria.Methods The clinical data of 80 cases of hospital-acquired lower respiratory tract infections caused by ESBLs + bacteria in the People's Hospital of Qingtian in Zhejiang Province from July 2008 to December 2011 were collected; and 160 cases of nosocomial infection caused by ESBLs- bacteria were randomly selected as controls.Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression were used to analyze the risk factors for ESBLs + bacteria infection.The resistance of sixteen antibiotics was detected by K-B method.Results Univariate analysis revealed that the risk factors for nosocomial lower respirator tract infection caused by ESBLs+ bacteria were hospitalization ≥ 10 d,readmission to hospital,oxygen inhalation,invasive operations,using antacid ＞ 7 d,using glucocorticoids ＞ 7 d,using immunosuppressant ＞ 7 d,using third-generation cephalosporins,using fluoroquinolone antibacterials,and the combined use of antibiotics≥3 d.Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified five independent risk faetors:oxygen inhalation (OR =8.613,95％ CI:1.870-39.659),invasive operations (OR =5.900,95％CI:1.885-18.467),using third-generation cephalosporins (OR =7.465,95％ CI:2.364-23.578),using fluoroquinolone antibacterials (OR =4.481,95％ CI:1.197-16.781) and combined use of antibiotics≥3 d (OR =5.346,95％ CI:1.717-16.643).ESBLs + Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae strains were sensitive to imipenem,meropenem,cefoperazone /sulbactam and piperacillin/tazobactam (with the resistance rates lower than 30.00％),but were highly resistant to most β-lactam,aminoglycoside,fluoroquinolone and sulfonamide antibacterials.Conclusion ESBLs + isolates were highly resistant to most antibacterials,and hospital-acquired lower respiratory tract infections with ESBLs+ bacteria are mainly related with invasive operations and the use of antibiotics.
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Objective To investigate surgical exposure,reduction and fixation of the severe Pilon fractures. Methods A total of 11 patients with severe Pilon fractures (Rüedi-Allgwer type Ⅲ or AO/OT type C3 ) were managed by anteriormedial malleolar approach in combination with transfibular fracture or fibular osteotomy approach to reveal the tibiotalar joint.Reduction was performed under direct vision and then the tibia was fixed followed by fibula fixation. Results All patients obtained satisfactory bone reduction including nine patients with Ⅰ stage wound healing and two with Ⅱ stage wound healing.No sclerotin infection occurred.The fractures as well as the osteotomy sites were healed. Conclusions The double operative approaches can completely expose the tibiotalar joint,favor the reduction and fixation of the displaced bone fragments and attain satisfactory short-term reduction and fixation effects in the treatment of severe Pilon fractures.
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Objective To evaluate the bonding condition of hydroxyapatite (HA)/zirconia ( ZrO2 ) composite and bone interface and the ability of HA/ZrO2 in repair of bone defects.Methods Bone defect models were established in the lumbar vertebral body of 24 Beagle dogs and were implanted with HA/ZrO2 gradient composite (Group A ),HA/ZrO2 unilayer composite (Group B ),pure ZrO2 (Group C) and pure HA (Group D) successively.Dogs were sacrificed and lumbar vertebral specimens were harvested 6,12,16 weeks postoperatively and before the sacrifice at postoperative 6 and 12 weeks,the dogs were intramuscularly administered of quadracycline for fluorescence labeling.The interface bonding and repair of bone defects were observed through X-ray films,histomorphology and biomechanical test.Results The X-ray films displayed that the Group A achieved more formation of osteotylus and better repair of bone defects with the extension of the implantation period,followed by the Groups B and D and that the Group C had relatively worse results.Histomorphology study showed that the fluorescence labeling was enhanced gradually from 6 to 12 weeks in the Group A,with its growth from the edge of the implanted material to the inner part and its tight adhesion to the material,indicating active osteogenesis and massive bone formation.While the fluorescence labeling of the Groups B,C and D centered in the edge of implanted materials without presence in the material inner part.The mineralization rate of the four materials at 6 and 12 weeks had significant differences ( P ＜ 0.05).Synostosis rates at 6,12 and 16 weeks were the highest in the Group A,with the rate of up to (90.26 ±3.82) ％ at 16 weeks (P ＜0.05 ).Biomechanical test showed the maximum shear strengths at 6,12,16 weeks in the Group A were (2.64±0.16) MPa,(2.95 ±0.19) MPa and (3.45 ±0.23) MPa respectively (P＜0.05).Conclusion HA/ZrO2gradient biocomposite bonds well with the bone and possesses good repair ability for bone defects and hence is an ideal novel material for bone defect reconstruction.
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Objective:To study the effect of cyclosporin A based triple immunosuppressive therapy on the plasma glucose in renal transplant recipients.Method:680 renal transplant recipients treated with cyclosporine A combined with prednisone and mycophenolate mofefil from Jan.1996 to May 2007 were analysed.Result:The morbidities of impaired fast- ing glucose,impaired glucose tolerance and post-transplantation diabetes mellitus (PTDM) were 3.97%,5.15% and 8.09%,respectively.The daily doses and concentrations of CsA and the daily doses of prednisone in the impaired glucose tolerance group and PTDM group were significantly higher than those in the normal plasma glucose group.Conclusion:The daily doses and concentrations of CsA and the daily doses of prednisone were closely related to the impaired glucose toler- ance and PTDM of renal transplant recipients.
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OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Fluvastatin vs. Xuezhikang for hyperlipidemia in patients after renal transplantation. METHODS: 56 hyperlipidemia patients after renal transplantation were enrolled: 32 were assigned to receive Fluvastatin (40～80 mg) po qd for 8 weeks and 24 to receive Xuezhikang (0.6 g) po bid for 8 weeks. Total cholesterol (TC),triglyceride (TG),low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL),high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL),liver function and renal function in two groups were measured before and after treatment. RESULTS: In Fluvastatin-treated group,the TC decreased from(7.39?1.98)mmol?L-1 to(5.62?0.93)mmol?L-1,LDL reduced from(3.68?1.13)mmol?L-1 to (2.86?0.83)mmol?L-1;in Xuezhikang-treated group,TC decreased from(6.82?1.29)mmol?L-1 to (5.56?1.19) mmol?L-1 and LDL decreased from (3.26?0.73) mmol?L-1 to (2.78?0.80) mmol?L-1,all showing significant differences as compared with before treatment(P 0.05). No obvious adverse effect was noted in either group during treatment. CONCLUSION: Both Fluvastatin and Xuezhikang are safe and effective for hyperlipidemia in patients after renal transplantation.
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Objective:To investigate the therapeutic range of tacrolimus and effects of tacrolimus on liver and re- nal functions and blood routine in renal transplant recipients.Method:The whole blood tacrolimus concentration was meas- ured by micro-particle enzyme immunoassay(MEIA).Blood tacrolimus concentrations in 390 cases of renal transplant re- cipients were analyzed.The effects of tacrolimus on liver and renal function and blood routine were also studied.Result: The blood tacrolimus concentrations in 377 of 390 cases were within the range from 3 to 15?g?L~(-1).Their blood tacrolimus concentration differed greatly in renal transplant recipients within 6 months after transplantation.Their blood tacrolimus concentration was gradually decreased as time went on.Tacrolimus with therapeutic dosage had no effects on liver and renal function and blood routine.Conclusion:The therapeutic ranges of tacrolimus with MEIA were as follows:5 to 15?g?L~(-1) within 3 months after transplantation,5 to 10?g?L~(-1)between 4 to 6 months after transplantation,3 to 10?g?L~(-1)6 months after transplantation.The administration of tacrolimus had no effects on the liver and renal function and blood routine in re- nal transplant recipients.
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Objective:To study the effects of cyclosporine A coadministrated with azathioprine,mycophenolate, mizorihine,rapamycin and/or prednisone on liver function in renal transplant recipients.Method:The drug history records of 600 renal transplant recipients in 1995 to 2005 were retrospectively investigated.Biochemical indexes before and after the treatment with cyclosporine A coadministrated with other immunosuppressants were analyzed.Result:The liver damage was found in 109 cases(18.2%)among 600 cases.The blood concentrations of cyclosporine A in the group with abnormal liver functions were significantly higher than those in the group with normal liver functions(P
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Graded Zirconia-hydroxyapatite composite bioceramic and simplex Zirconia-hydroxyapatite composite bioceramic were produced, and the extractes of these two of materials were made to evaluate their immunocompatibility. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to detect the character of the surface of the graded composite bioceramic. Holding and without holding phytohemagglutinin (PHA), proliferation and activation of peripheralblood monocytes(PBMCs) cultured in the two extracts were studied. Cultured in PHA after 72 hours, the proliforation rate of the graded composite group was significantly higher than the simplex composite group (P < 0.01). There was no difference of apoptosis of PBMCs of the two groups (P > 0.05). Cultured in PHA after 24 hours, the ratio of CD3/CD69 positive PBMCs of the simple composite group was significantly higher than that of the graded composite material group (P < 0.01). The numbers of PBMCs activated by the graded composite material group were less than that of the simply composite material group and the technique of graded composite will be helpful to improve its immunocompatibility.